Canister Purge Valve

Fuel vapours that form in the fuel tank are collected in a charcoal filter. The canister purge valve then passes these gasses into the engine.

Cold Start Valve

This injects additional fuel into the intake manifold during the start up and warm up phase.

Electric Fuel Pump

Ensures a constant supply of fuel to the engine (It can be installed directly into the fuel tank or in the fuel line).

Electric Secondary Air Pump

Complying with current emissions legislation, the secondary air pump blows fresh air into the exhaust system after the start up, ensuring that the CAT reaches operating temperature quickly and is not damaged by excess fuel.

Electromagnetic Injector

This sprays fuel onto the inlet valve via the inlet manifold, when electronically triggered by the ECU.

Electronic Control Unit

50 million pieces of information are handled every second by the ECU, from all the engine sensors. It determines the quantity of fuel to suit every condition, controls the injectors, and maintains other components. In modern systems, it can also control ignition and diagnose faults.

Electronic Idle Speed ECU

Controls the idle actuator and maintains a constant engine idle speed.

Engine Temperature Sensor

This measures the engine temperature in the coolant system and sends this information to the ECU.

Fuel Accumulator

Ensures the fuel supply system is kept under pressure after the engine has been switched off. This improves the start phase in specific petrol injection systems.

Fuel Filter

Removes contamination from the fuel.

Fuel Line Pressure Dampener

Damps down oscillation wthin fuel system.

Fuel Rail

Feeds fuel at pressure to the injectors.

Fuel System Pressure Regulator

Maintains a constant fuel pressure for fuel that is supplied to the fuel rail.

Idle Actuator

Maintains a constant idle speed.

Knock Sensor

Converts engine combustion vibrations into electronic signals and sends this information to the ECU. The ECU then adjusts the ignition to prevent damage to the engine.

Lambda Sensor

Once the engine has reached operating temperature this sensor measures the oxygen content of the exhaust gas and sends this information to the ECU which then controls the air/fuel mixture. Lambda sensors should be replaced according to manufacturers instructions. For some systems there are sensors at either side of the catalytic converter.

Mechanical Injector

Sprays fuel onto the valves when a predetermined pressure is reached. One injector is used for each engine cylinder.

Mixture Controller Unit

Combines the work of the Air Flow Meter and the Fuel Distributor. It measures the amount of air flowing into the engine and determines the quantity of fuel needed for injection.

Pedal Sensor

This records the position of the accelerator and sends the information to the ECU as an electronic signal (as opposed to conventional cables). The ECU uses this information to control the air/fuel mixture.

Pressure Sensor (Altitude)

Measures the atmospheric pressure and sends this information to the ECU as an electronic signal.

Pressure Sensor (MAP)

Measures the pressure in the intake manifold and sends this information to the ECU. The ECU uses this information to control the ignition timing and the air/fuel mixture.

Single Point Injector

This single injector supplies fuel to all the engine cylinders. It sprays fuel into the inlet manifold when triggered by the ECU.

Speed and Reference Mark Sensor

A speed and reference mark sensor measures the engine speed and piston position. This information is sent to the ECU which calculates the air/fuel mixture and ignition timing.

Thermo-Time Switch

Limits the amount of additional fuel injected by the cold start valve into the intake manifold during the start up.

Throttle Control Device

Uses information from the ECU to electronically open and close the throttle valve.

Throttle-Valve Switch

This measures the position of the throttle-valve. The information is sent to the ECU which can alter air/fuel mixture.

Throttle-Valve Sensor

Measures the position of the throttle valve. It sends this information to the ECU to adjust the fuel/air mixture.

Throttle-Body Injection Unit

This is used on signal point injection systems (only one injector). It includes the injector, fuel pressure regulator, throttle valve sensors and is known as a Central Injection Unit.

Vacuum Limiter

It maintains a consistent pressure difference either side of the throttle-valve. If the pressure difference is exceeded, additional air flows into the inlet manifold.

Warm up Regulator

It controls fuel quantity as the engine warms up.